Securosis

Research

Leveraging Threat Intelligence in Incident Response/Management

It’s hard to be a defender today. Adversaries continue to innovate, attacking software which is not under your control. These attacks move downstream as low-cost attack kits put weaponized exploits in the hands of less sophisticated adversaries, making them far more effective. But frequently attackers don’t even need to use innovative attacks because a little reconnaissance and a reasonably crafted phishing message can effectively target and compromise your employees. The good news is that we find very few still clinging to the hope that all attacks can be stopped by deploying the latest shiny object coming from a VC-funded startup. Where does that leave us? Pretty much where we have been for years. It is still about reacting faster – the sooner you know about an attack the sooner you can start managing it. In our IR fundamentals series and subsequent React Faster and Better paper, we mapped out a process for responding to these incidents completely and efficiently, utilizing tactics honed over decades in emergency response. But the world hasn’t stayed still over the past 3 years – not by a long shot. So let’s highlight a few things shifting the foundation under our (proverbial) feet. Better adversaries and more advanced tactics: Attackers continue to refine their tactics, progressing ever faster attack from to exfiltration. As we described in our Continuous Security Monitoring paper, attackers can be in and out with your data in minutes. That means if monitoring and assessment is not really continuous you leave a window of exposure. This puts a premium on reacting faster. Out of control data: If you haven’t read our paper on The Future of Security, do that now. We’ll wait. The paper explains how the combination of cloud computing and mobility fundamentally disrupts the way technology services are provisioned and delivered. They will have a broad and permanent impact on security, most obviously in that you lose most control over your data, because it can reside pretty much anywhere. So how can you manage incidents when you aren’t sure where the data is, and you may not have seen the attacks before? That could be the topic of the next Mission Impossible movie. Kidding aside, the techniques security professionals can use have evolved as well, thanks to the magic of Moore’s Law. Networks are faster, but we can now capture that traffic when necessary. Computers and devices are more powerful, but now we can collect detailed telemetry on them to thoroughly understand what happens to them. Most importantly, with our increasing focus on forensics, most folks don’t need to argue so hard that security data collection and analysis are critical to effectively responding and managing incidents. More Data As mentioned above, our technology to monitor infrastructure and analyze what’s going on has evolved quickly. Full network packet capture: New technologies have emerged that can capture multi-gbps network traffic and index it near real time for analysis. This provides much higher fidelity data for understanding what attackers might have done. Rather than trying to interpret log events and configuration changes, you can replay the attack and see exactly what happened and what was lost. This provides the kind of evidence essential for quickly identifying the root cause of an attack, as well as the basis for a formal investigation. Endpoint activity monitoring: We introduced this concept in our Endpoint Security Buyer’s Guide and fleshed it out in Advanced Endpoint and Server Protection. This approach enables you to collect detailed telemetry from endpoint devices, so you see every action on the device, including what software was executed and which changes were made – to the device and all its files. This granular activity history enable you to search for attack patterns (indicators of compromise) at any time. So even if you don’t know activity is malicious when it takes place, you can identify it later, so long as you keep the data. A ton of data: The good news is that, between network packets and endpoint telemetry, you have much more more data to analyze. The bad news is that you need technology that can actually analyze it. So we hear a lot about “big data” for security monitoring these days. Regardless of what it’s called by the industry hype machine; you need technologies to enable you to index, search through, and find patterns within the data – even when you don’t know exactly what you’re looking for. Fortunately other industries – like retail – have been analyzing data for unseen and unknown patterns for years, and many of their analytical techniques are now being applied to security. As a defender it is tough to keep up with attackers. But many of these new technologies help to fill the gaps. Technology is no longer the biggest issue for detecting, responding, and managing threats and attacks. The biggest problem is now the lack of skilled security professionals to do the work. In Search of… Responders It seems like every conversation we have with CISOs or other senior security professionals these days turns at some point to finding staff to handle attacks. Open positions stay open for extended periods. These organizations really need to be creative to find promising staffers and invest in training them, even though they often soon move on to a higher-paid consulting job or another firm. If you are in this position, you aren’t unique. Even the incident response specialist shops are resource constrained. There just aren’t enough people to meet demand. The security industry needs to address this on multiple fronts: Education: Continued investment in training people to understand core skills is required. More importantly, these folks need opportunities and resources to learn on the job – which is really the only way to keep up with modern attackers anyway. Automation: The tools need to continue evolving, to make response more efficient and accessible to less sophisticated staff. We are not talking about dumbing down the process, but instead about making it easier and more intuitive so less skilled folks

Share:
Read Post

Totally Transparent Research is the embodiment of how we work at Securosis. It’s our core operating philosophy, our research policy, and a specific process. We initially developed it to help maintain objectivity while producing licensed research, but its benefits extend to all aspects of our business.

Going beyond Open Source Research, and a far cry from the traditional syndicated research model, we think it’s the best way to produce independent, objective, quality research.

Here’s how it works:

  • Content is developed ‘live’ on the blog. Primary research is generally released in pieces, as a series of posts, so we can digest and integrate feedback, making the end results much stronger than traditional “ivory tower” research.
  • Comments are enabled for posts. All comments are kept except for spam, personal insults of a clearly inflammatory nature, and completely off-topic content that distracts from the discussion. We welcome comments critical of the work, even if somewhat insulting to the authors. Really.
  • Anyone can comment, and no registration is required. Vendors or consultants with a relevant product or offering must properly identify themselves. While their comments won’t be deleted, the writer/moderator will “call out”, identify, and possibly ridicule vendors who fail to do so.
  • Vendors considering licensing the content are welcome to provide feedback, but it must be posted in the comments - just like everyone else. There is no back channel influence on the research findings or posts.
    Analysts must reply to comments and defend the research position, or agree to modify the content.
  • At the end of the post series, the analyst compiles the posts into a paper, presentation, or other delivery vehicle. Public comments/input factors into the research, where appropriate.
  • If the research is distributed as a paper, significant commenters/contributors are acknowledged in the opening of the report. If they did not post their real names, handles used for comments are listed. Commenters do not retain any rights to the report, but their contributions will be recognized.
  • All primary research will be released under a Creative Commons license. The current license is Non-Commercial, Attribution. The analyst, at their discretion, may add a Derivative Works or Share Alike condition.
  • Securosis primary research does not discuss specific vendors or specific products/offerings, unless used to provide context, contrast or to make a point (which is very very rare).
    Although quotes from published primary research (and published primary research only) may be used in press releases, said quotes may never mention a specific vendor, even if the vendor is mentioned in the source report. Securosis must approve any quote to appear in any vendor marketing collateral.
  • Final primary research will be posted on the blog with open comments.
  • Research will be updated periodically to reflect market realities, based on the discretion of the primary analyst. Updated research will be dated and given a version number.
    For research that cannot be developed using this model, such as complex principles or models that are unsuited for a series of blog posts, the content will be chunked up and posted at or before release of the paper to solicit public feedback, and provide an open venue for comments and criticisms.
  • In rare cases Securosis may write papers outside of the primary research agenda, but only if the end result can be non-biased and valuable to the user community to supplement industry-wide efforts or advances. A “Radically Transparent Research” process will be followed in developing these papers, where absolutely all materials are public at all stages of development, including communications (email, call notes).
    Only the free primary research released on our site can be licensed. We will not accept licensing fees on research we charge users to access.
  • All licensed research will be clearly labeled with the licensees. No licensed research will be released without indicating the sources of licensing fees. Again, there will be no back channel influence. We’re open and transparent about our revenue sources.

In essence, we develop all of our research out in the open, and not only seek public comments, but keep those comments indefinitely as a record of the research creation process. If you believe we are biased or not doing our homework, you can call us out on it and it will be there in the record. Our philosophy involves cracking open the research process, and using our readers to eliminate bias and enhance the quality of the work.

On the back end, here’s how we handle this approach with licensees:

  • Licensees may propose paper topics. The topic may be accepted if it is consistent with the Securosis research agenda and goals, but only if it can be covered without bias and will be valuable to the end user community.
  • Analysts produce research according to their own research agendas, and may offer licensing under the same objectivity requirements.
  • The potential licensee will be provided an outline of our research positions and the potential research product so they can determine if it is likely to meet their objectives.
  • Once the licensee agrees, development of the primary research content begins, following the Totally Transparent Research process as outlined above. At this point, there is no money exchanged.
  • Upon completion of the paper, the licensee will receive a release candidate to determine whether the final result still meets their needs.
  • If the content does not meet their needs, the licensee is not required to pay, and the research will be released without licensing or with alternate licensees.
  • Licensees may host and reuse the content for the length of the license (typically one year). This includes placing the content behind a registration process, posting on white paper networks, or translation into other languages. The research will always be hosted at Securosis for free without registration.

Here is the language we currently place in our research project agreements:

Content will be created independently of LICENSEE with no obligations for payment. Once content is complete, LICENSEE will have a 3 day review period to determine if the content meets corporate objectives. If the content is unsuitable, LICENSEE will not be obligated for any payment and Securosis is free to distribute the whitepaper without branding or with alternate licensees, and will not complete any associated webcasts for the declining LICENSEE. Content licensing, webcasts and payment are contingent on the content being acceptable to LICENSEE. This maintains objectivity while limiting the risk to LICENSEE. Securosis maintains all rights to the content and to include Securosis branding in addition to any licensee branding.

Even this process itself is open to criticism. If you have questions or comments, you can email us or comment on the blog.